ESDU Aerodynamics Series

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  • Section 1: Organisational Documents
  • Section 2: Properties of Gases
    • ESDU AERO 00.01.06
      Thermodynamic properties of air in dissociation equilibrium.
    • ESDU AERO 00.01.07
      Approximate transport properties of high-temperature air in dissociation equilibrium.
    • ESDU AERO 00.01.08
      Specific heat capacities and their ratio as functions of temperature for several common gases.
    • ESDU AERO 00.01.09
      A simple model of a thermally perfect, calorically imperfect diatomic gas. Comparison with real gases.
    • ESDU AERO 00.01.11
      Mollier chart of the thermodynamic properties of argon-free air in dissociation equilibrium: T = 2 000 K to T = 13 000 K.
    • ESDU AERO 00.01.12
      Mollier chart of the thermodynamic properties of argon-free air in dissociation equilibrium: T = 100 K to T = 6 000 K.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.27
      Examples in the use of the Mollier chart (isentropic flow and Prandtl-Meyer expansion for air in dissociation equilibrium).
  • Section 3: Isentropic Flow and Shock Waves
    • ESDU AERO 00.03.05
      Isentropic expansion of air from rest.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.06
      Introductory sheet on isentropic flow and shock waves.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.08
      Simple-wave flow.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.09
      Properties of plane steady shock waves.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.14
      Approximate calculation of the pressure changes in two-dimensional supersonic flow.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.15
      Pitot and static tubes in supersonic flow.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.16
      Conditions for shock wave detachment and for subsonic flow behind nose shock waves on cones at zero incidence and on wedges.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.22
      Conditions behind normal shock waves in air in dissociation equilibrium.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.23
      Conditions behind oblique shock waves for air in dissociation equilibrium.
    • ESDU AERO 00.03.28
      Conditions behind normal shock waves in a perfect gas for various values of γ.
    • ESDU AERO 00.03.30
      Solutions to the oblique shock wave relations for a range of specific heat ratios: pressure coefficient and detachment angle.
    • ESDU AERO 00.03.31
      Solutions to the Prandtl-Meyer expansion relations for a range of specific heat ratios: pressure coefficient and maximum flow deflection angle.
    • ESDU 70008
      Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (i) shock angle.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.13
      Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (ii) surface pressure coefficient and shock angle for circular cones.
    • ESDU 70009
      Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (iii) flow deflection in the conical flow field.
    • ESDU 70010
      Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (iv) Mach number in the conical flow field.
  • Section 4: Properties of the Atmosphere
    • ESDU 73017
      Reynolds number, speed of sound, dynamic viscosity, kinetic pressure and total pressure coefficient in air.
    • ESDU 77021
      Properties of a standard atmosphere.
    • ESDU 78008
      Physical properties of design atmospheres.
    • ESDU 78017
      True airspeed in the International Standard Atmosphere and equivalent airspeed corresponding to Mach number and pressure altitude.
  • Section 5: Atmospheric Turbulence
    • ESDU 74030
      Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part I: definitions and general information.
    • ESDU 85020
      Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part II: single point data for strong winds (neutral atmosphere).
    • ESDU 86010
      Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part III: variations in space and time for strong winds (neutral atmosphere).
  • Section 6: Wind Speeds
    • ESDU 82026
      Strong winds in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part 1: hourly-mean wind speeds.
    • ESDU 83045
      Strong winds in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part 2: discrete gust speeds.
  • Section 7: Aerofoils and Wings - General
    • ESDU 76003
      Geometrical properties of cranked and straight-tapered wing planforms.
    • ESDU TM 168
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Derivation of equations for the geometrical properties of straight-tapered and multi-panel wings
    • ESDU 10023
      Computer program for calculation of equivalent straight-tapered wing planform
    • ESDU 06020
      Computer program for estimation of aerofoil characteristics at subcritical speeds: lift-curve slope, zero-lift incidence and pitching moment, aerodynamic centre and drag polar minimum.
    • ESDU TM 4
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Correlations for some aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils in incompressible inviscid flow.
  • Section 8: Aerofoils at Subcritical Speeds - Pressure Distribution, Lift, Pitching Moment, Aerodynamic Centre
    • ESDU AERO W.01.01.05
      Slope of lift curve for two-dimensional flow.
    • ESDU AERO W.01.01.07
      Maximum lift coefficients for aerofoil sections at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 0.75.
    • ESDU AERO A.08.01.05
      Aerodynamic centre in two-dimensional flow.
    • ESDU 66034
      The low-speed stalling characteristics of aerodynamically smooth aerofoils.
    • ESDU 71020
      Aerofoils having a specified form of upper-surface pressure distribution: details and comments on design.
    • ESDU 72024
      Aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils in compressible inviscid airflow at subcritical Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 84026
      Aerofoil maximum lift coefficient for Mach numbers up to 0.4.
    • ESDU 97020
      Slope of aerofoil lift curve for subsonic two-dimensional flow.
    • ESDU 98011
      Aerofoil incidence for zero lift in subsonic two- dimensional flow.
    • ESDU 99003
      Generation of GUNACA 23-series of low-drag aerofoils.
  • Section 9: Aerofoils at Subcritical Speeds - Drag
    • ESDU AERO W.02.04.00
      Information on the use of Data Items in the series Wings 02.04.
    • ESDU AERO W.02.04.01
      Drag of a smooth flat plate at zero incidence.
    • ESDU AERO W.02.04.02
      Profile drag of smooth wings.
    • ESDU AERO W.02.04.03
      Profile drag of smooth aerofoils with straight trailing- edges at low speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.02.04.09
      Limit of grain size for laminar flow over wings or bodies.
    • ESDU AERO W.02.04.11
      Limit of surface waviness for laminar flow over wings.
    • ESDU 67011
      Profile drag at the drag-rise condition of aerofoils having a specified form of upper-surface pressure distribution at this condition.
    • ESDU 00027
      Aerofoil profile drag for Mach numbers below the drag rise condition.
    • ESDU 06001
      Aerofoil skin friction drag for Mach numbers below the drag-rise condition.
    • ESDU 10017
      A guide to the alleviation of the base drag of a two-dimensional flat plate with a blunt trailing edge
  • Section 10: Aerofoils at Supersonic Speeds - Pressure Distribution, Lift, Pitching Moment, Drag
    • ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.03
      Introductory Item on two-dimensional aerofoils at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.04
      Theoretical properties of two-dimensional supersonic aerofoils of simple section.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.05
      The calculation of the theoretical characteristics of two-dimensional aerofoils at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.07
      Base pressure on aerofoil sections with a blunt trailing edge in supersonic flow.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.10
      Wave drag of flat plates with blunt noses at zero incidence.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.02.04.12
      Skin friction drag coefficients for a flat plate in two-dimensional flow with zero heat transfer.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.02.04.13
      Profile drag coefficients for two-dimensional biconvex aerofoil with zero heat transfer at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.05.03.01
      Pressure distribution on blunt noses of two-dimensional sections at zero incidence in supersonic flow.
  • Section 11: Critical Mach Number and Pressure Coefficient
    • ESDU 74008
      Estimation of critical Mach number for an aerofoil from its low-speed pressure distribution.
    • ESDU 75027
      Critical pressure coefficient and component of local Mach number normal to the surface isobar for a swept wing.
    • ESDU AERO W.00.03.01
      Critical Mach number for high speed aerofoil sections.
  • Section 12: Flat Plates - Boundary Layers, Skin Friction and Surface Roughness
    • ESDU 68019
      The compressible two-dimensional laminar boundary layer, both with and without heat transfer, on a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders, and cones.
    • ESDU 68020
      The compressible two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer, both with and without heat transfer, on a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders, and cones.
    • ESDU 73016
      The mean skin friction coefficient for a rough flat plate with a turbulent two-dimensional boundary layer in compressible adiabatic flow, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones.
  • Section 13: Wings - Lift, Pitching Moment, Aerodynamic Centre, Spanwise Loading
    • ESDU 70011
      Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid subsonic flow.
    • ESDU TM 169
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Wing lift-curve slope in inviscid subsonic flow: Improvements to the Helmbold-Diederich equation and comparison with data from ESDU 70011
    • ESDU 70012
      Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid supersonic flow.
    • ESDU 70015
      Fluid forces and moments on flat plates.
    • ESDU 71006
      Low-speed longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of slender wings.
    • ESDU 71007
      Low-speed normal force and pitching moment of slender wings in ground effect
    • ESDU 83040
      Method for the rapid estimation of spanwise loading of wings with camber and twist in subsonic attached flow.
    • ESDU 87001
      Wing pitching moment at zero lift at subcritical Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 87031
      Wing angle of attack for zero lift at subcritical Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 88030
      Boundaries of linear characteristics of cambered and twisted wings at subcritical Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 89034
      The maximum lift coefficient of plain wings at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 90013
      Normal force and pitching moment of low aspect ratio cropped-delta wings up to high angles of attack at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 93015
      Program for calculation of maximum lift coefficient of plain aerofoils and wings at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 93034
      Normal force of low-aspect-ratio cropped-delta wings up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 95010
      Computer program for estimation of spanwise loading of wings with camber and twist in subsonic attached flow. Lifting-surface theory. (With Appendix A: effect of plain flaps.)
    • ESDU 95022
      Pitching moment of low-aspect-ratio cropped-delta wings up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.01.01.01
      Lift-curve slope of swept and tapered wings.
    • ESDU AERO W.01.01.04
      Effect of cut-out on lift-curve slope.
  • Section 14: Wings - Drag
    • ESDU 66031
      Introductory sheet on subcritical lift-dependent drag of wings.
    • ESDU 66032
      Subsonic lift-dependent drag due to boundary layer of plane, symmetrical section wings.
    • ESDU 74035
      Subsonic lift-dependent drag due to the trailing vortex wake for wings without camber or twist.
    • ESDU 75004
      Wave drag of wings at zero lift in inviscid airflow.
    • ESDU 94037
      Leading-edge suction distribution for plane thin wings at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 94038
      Computer program for estimation of leading-edge suction distribution for plane thin wings at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 95025
      Drag due to lift for plane swept wings, alone or in combination with a body, up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 96025
      Drag due to lift for non-planar swept wings up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 07002
      Wing viscous drag coefficient in shock-free attached flow.
    • ESDU 07003
      Modelling of wing viscous drag coefficient in shock-free attached flow.
    • ESDU 10022
      Trailing-vortex drag coefficient in shock-free attached flow - cambered and twisted wings
    • ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.02
      Theoretical lift-dependent drag of wings at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.09
      Transonic drag rise of rectangular symmetrical section wings at zero lift. NACA 65 series sections.
  • Section 15: Bodies - General
    • ESDU 77028
      Geometrical characteristics of typical bodies.
    • ESDU 78037
      The influence of body geometry and flow conditions on axisymmetric velocity distributions at subcritical Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 79020
      The influence of body geometry and flow conditions on axisymmetric boundary layers at subcritical Mach numbers.
  • Section 16: Bodies - Drag
    • ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.01
      Introductory notes on the drag at zero incidence of bodies at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.02
      External wave drag at zero incidence in inviscid flow of simple ducted forebodies and truncated afterbodies.
    • ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.08
      Forebody-afterbody interference wave drag of simple pointed or ducted body shapes with short midbodies.
    • ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.12
      Supersonic base pressure of cylindrical bodies.
    • ESDU 68021
      Foredrag of spherically-blunted conical forebodies at zero incidence in supersonic flow for Mach numbers up to 5.
    • ESDU 76033
      Subsonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
    • ESDU 77020
      Subsonic pressure drag of conical boat-tails.
    • ESDU 78019
      Profile drag of axisymmetric bodies at zero incidence for subcritical Mach numbers
    • ESDU 78041
      Transonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
    • ESDU 79022
      Supersonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
    • ESDU 80006
      Drag increment due to rear fuselage upsweep.
    • ESDU 80021
      Pressure drag of blunt forebodies at zero incidence for Mach numbers up to 10.
    • ESDU 82028
      Pressure drag of spherically-blunted conical forebodies at zero incidence for Mach numbers of 3 and above.
    • ESDU 96012
      Subsonic and transonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with circular-arc boat-tails
    • ESDU 96033
      Effect of angle of attack on the base axial force and drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
    • ESDU 97022
      Effect of stabilising fins on base drag of cylindrical bodies at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 99010
      Supersonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with a central propulsive jet.
    • ESDU 00017
      Supersonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with a conical boat-tail and a central propulsive jet
    • ESDU 00026
      Supersonic pressure drag of conical, circular-arc and parabolic boat-tails.
    • ESDU 01012
      Subsonic pressure drag of boat-tails with negligible annular base area in the presence of a central propulsive jet.
    • ESDU 02012
      Subsonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with circular-arc boat-tails and a central propulsive jet.
  • Section 17: Bodies - Pressure Distribution, Normal Force, Pitching Moment, Centre of Pressure
    • ESDU 82018
      The pressure distribution at zero incidence over selected families of blunt axisymmetric forebodies.
    • ESDU 87033
      Normal force and pitching moment of conical boat-tails.
    • ESDU 89008
      Normal-force-curve and pitching-moment-curve slopes of forebody-cylinder combinations at zero angle of attack for Mach numbers up to 5.
    • ESDU 89014
      Normal force, pitching moment and side force of forebody-cylinder combinations for angles of attack up to 90 degrees and Mach numbers up to 5.
    • ESDU 90034
      Computer program for the calculation of normal force and pitching moment of forebody-cylinder combinations at angles of attack up to 90 degrees and Mach numbers up to 5, including the effects of conical boat-tailing
    • ESDU 00028
      Supersonic pressure and Mach number distributions over conical, circular-arc and parabolic boat-tails.
    • ESDU 04007
      Normal force and pitching moment of non-axisymmetrical bodies: square and triangular cross-sections without corner rounding.
    • ESDU 05015
      Normal force and pitching moment of non-circular bodies: elliptical cross-sections at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 07005
      Normal force and pitching moment of non-axisymmetric bodies: square cross-sections with corner rounding.
    • ESDU AERO B.S.05.03.01
      Pressure distribution on forebodies and afterbodies of revolution at zero incidence in inviscid flow.
  • Section 18: Wing-Body Combinations - Lift, Normal Force, Pitching Moment, Aerodynamic Centre, Upwash
    • ESDU 13009
      Computer program for calculation of aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations
    • ESDU 76015
      Aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage combinations.
    • ESDU 77012
      Aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations: effect of wing-pylon mounted nacelles
    • ESDU 78013
      Aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations: effect of rear-fuselage pylon-mounted nacelles.
    • ESDU 89042
      Body effect on wing angle of attack and pitching moment at zero lift at low speeds.
    • ESDU 90020
      Airframe-induced upwash at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 91007
      Lift-curve slope of wing-body combinations.
    • ESDU 91042
      Normal force of low aspect ratio wing-body combinations up to high angles of attack at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 92024
      Aerodynamic centre of wing-body combinations.
    • ESDU 92043
      Pitching moment of low aspect ratio wing-body combinations up to high angles of attack at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 95009
      Effect of wing height on lift and aerodynamic centre for a slender wing-body combination.
  • Section 19: Wing-Body Combinations - Drag
    • ESDU AERO A.S.02.03.01
      Explanatory notes on transonic and supersonic area rules.
    • ESDU AERO A.02.03.02
      Optimum area distribution and associated minimum theoretical transonic drag-rise for aircraft at zero lift.
  • Section 20: Controls - Lift, Pitching Moment, Rolling Moment, Drag
    • ESDU 21005
      Summary of Data Items on Controls
    • ESDU AERO C.01.01.03
      Rate of change of lift coefficient with control deflection in incompressible two-dimensional flow, (a2)0
    • ESDU AERO C.01.01.04
      Effect of gap on the slope of lift curve and slope of lift increment curve due to control surface deflection.
    • ESDU AERO C.08.01.01
      Rate of change of pitching moment coefficient with control deflection for a plain control in incompressible two-dimensional flow, m0
    • ESDU 74011
      Rate of change of lift coefficient with control deflection for full-span plain controls.
    • ESDU 74012
      Conversion of lift coefficient increment due to flaps from full span to part span.
    • ESDU TM 172
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Derivation of part span factors for lift and rolling moment
    • ESDU 76026
      Lift and drag due to spoiler operation in the ground run.
    • ESDU 87008
      Rudder sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment control derivatives at low speeds: Yζ  ,  Nζ and Lζ
    • ESDU 88013
      Rolling moment derivative, Lξ for plain ailerons at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 88029
      Yawing moment coefficient for plain ailerons at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 88040
      Program for calculation of aileron rolling moment and yawing moment coefficients at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 14004
      Lift and rolling moment due to spoilers on wings at subsonic speeds with trailing-edge flaps undeployed
    • ESDU 14005
      Lift and rolling moment due to spoilers on wings at subsonic speeds with trailing-edge flaps deployed
    • ESDU 96026
      Drag and yawing moment due to spoilers.
  • Section 21: Controls - Hinge Moment
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.00
      Introduction to Data Items on control hinge moments.
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.01
      Rate of change of hinge-moment coefficient with incidence for a plain control in incompressible two-dimensional flow, (b1)0
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.02
      Rate of change of hinge-moment coefficient with control deflection for a plain control in incompressible two-dimensional flow, (b2)0
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.03
      Effect of nose balance on two-dimensional control hinge-moment coefficients.
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.04
      Effect of Irving internal balance on hinge-moment coefficient in two-dimensional flow.
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.06
      Full-span control hinge-moment coefficient derivatives for unswept wings in incompressible flow with allowance for spanwise variation of sectional properties.
    • ESDU AERO C.04.01.08
      Control hinge-moment coefficient derivative due to tab.
    • ESDU 88003
      Effect of unshielded and shielded horn balances on hinge moment coefficients for controls at low speeds.
    • ESDU 89009
      Hinge moment coefficient derivatives for trailing-edge controls on wings at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 89010
      Example of procedure in calculation of control hinge moments.
  • Section 22: Flaps - General
    • ESDU 97002
      Information for the use of Data Items on high-lift devices.
    • ESDU 97003
      Fuselage interference effects on flap characteristics.
  • Section 23: Flaps - Lift: Aerofoils
    • ESDU 94026
      Introduction to the estimation of the lift coefficients at zero angle of attack and at maximum lift for aerofoils with high-lift devices at low speeds.
    • ESDU 94027
      Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of various leading-edge high-lift devices at low speeds.
    • ESDU 94028
      Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a plain trailing-edge flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
    • ESDU 94029
      Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a trailing-edge split flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
    • ESDU 94030
      Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a single-slotted trailing-edge flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
    • ESDU 94031
      Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a double-slotted or triple-slotted trailing-edge flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
    • ESDU AERO F.05.01.01
      Normal force on flaps and controls.
  • Section 24: Flaps - Lift: Wings
    • ESDU 74009
      Lift coefficient increment at low speeds due to full-span split flaps.
    • ESDU 91014
      Maximum lift of wings with trailing-edge flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 92031
      Maximum lift of wings with leading-edge devices and trailing-edge flaps deployed.
    • ESDU 93019
      Wing lift increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of single-slotted flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 95021
      Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of double-slotted or triple-slotted flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 96032
      Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of leading-edge devices at low speeds.
    • ESDU 97009
      Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge split flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 97011
      Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of plain trailing-edge flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU AERO F.01.01.08
      Lift coefficient increment due to full-span slotted flaps.
    • ESDU AERO F.01.01.09
      Lift coefficient increment due to full-span double flap (main flap slotted).
  • Section 25: Flaps - Lift Curve
    • ESDU 96003
      Lift curve of wings with high-lift devices deployed at low speeds.
    • ESDU 99031
      Computer program for estimation of lift curve to maximum lift for wing-fuselage combinations with high-lift devices at low speeds.
  • Section 26: Flaps - Pitching Moment
    • ESDU 98009
      Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge split flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 98017
      Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge plain flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 99004
      Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge single-slotted flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 99014
      Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge double-slotted and triple-slotted flaps at low speeds.
    • ESDU 00029
      Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of leading-edge high-lift devices.
    • ESDU 01013
      Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of leading-edge and trailing-edge high-lift devices in combination at low speeds.
    • ESDU 03017
      Pitching moment curve of wings with leading-edge and trailing-edge high-lift devices deployed at low speeds.
    • ESDU AERO F.08.01.01
      Pitching moment coefficient increment due to flaps for unswept wings.
    • ESDU AERO F.08.01.02
      Increment to Cm 0 due to flaps on swept-back wings.
    • ESDU TM 200
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM: Estimation of nacelle and flap effects on low-speed aerodynamic centre and zero-lift pitching moment of transport aircraft (tail-off)
  • Section 27: Flaps - Drag
    • ESDU AERO F.02.01.06
      Profile drag coefficient increment due to full-span single-slotted flaps (Handley Page and NACA types).
    • ESDU AERO F.02.01.07
      Conversion factor for profile drag increment for part-span flaps.
    • ESDU AERO F.02.01.08
      Vortex drag coefficient of wing with part-span flap and central cut-out.
    • ESDU 74010
      Low-speed drag coefficient increment at zero lift due to full-span split flaps.
    • ESDU 87005
      Increment in aerofoil profile drag coefficient due to the deployment of a single-slotted flap.
    • ESDU 87024
      Low-speed drag coefficient increment at constant lift due to full-span plain flaps.
    • ESDU 01007
      Trailing vortex drag factors for wings with part-span trailing-edge plain flaps.
    • ESDU 06014
      Zero-lift drag coefficient increment due to full-span plain flaps.
    • ESDU 08013
      Increment in wing profile drag coefficient due to the deployment of a single-slotted flap.
  • Section 28: Excrescence Drag
    • ESDU ASTEROID
      Aircraft Surface Tolerances for Enhanced Repair, Operations and Design
    • ESDU 90029
      An introduction to aircraft excrescence drag.
    • ESDU 71018
      Approximate wave drag of rectangular planform fairings at zero incidence in supersonic flow.
    • ESDU 75028
      Drag due to grooves in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer, at subsonic and supersonic speeds
    • ESDU 75031
      Drag of two-dimensional steps and ridges immersed in a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3.
    • ESDU 76008
      Drag of transverse rows of spherically-headed rivets immersed in a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic and supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 83025
      Drag of circular cylinders normal to a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3.
    • ESDU 84035
      Drag of stub wings and fairings on a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic and supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU 91028
      Simplified method for the prediction of aerofoil excrescence drag magnification factor for turbulent boundary layers at subcritical Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 91029
      Excrescence drag magnification factors at the drag-rise condition for aerofoils with a specified form of upper-surface pressure distribution.
    • ESDU 92039
      Drag due to gaps round undeflected trailing-edge controls and flaps at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 93032
      Examples of excrescence drag prediction for typical wing components of a subsonic transport aircraft at the cruise condition.
    • ESDU 16005
      Mass flow rate of a leak into an external stream
    • ESDU 16006
      Drag due to a leak discharging into an external stream
    • ESDU 18005
      Mass flow rate of a leak into a plenum from an external stream
    • ESDU 18006
      Drag due to a leak into a plenum from an external stream
  • Section 29: Cavity Drag
    • ESDU ASTEROID
      Aircraft Surface Tolerances for Enhanced Repair, Operations and Design
    • ESDU 74036
      Drag due to a circular cavity in a plate with a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds
    • ESDU 00006
      Drag of rectangular planform cavity in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. Part I: Closed flow
    • ESDU 00007
      Drag of a rectangular planform cavity in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. Part II: Open and transitional flows.
    • ESDU 10016
      Drag of a rectangular planform cavity in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. Part III : Effect of doors
  • Section 30: Undercarriage Drag
    • ESDU 79015
      Undercarriage drag prediction methods.
  • Section 31: Canopy Drag
    • ESDU 67041
      Drag of fighter-type canopies at subcritical Mach numbers.
  • Section 32: Cavity Aerodynamics and Aero-Acoustics
    • ESDU 02008
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part I: Time-averaged flow.
    • ESDU 04023
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part II: Unsteady flow and aero-acoustics.
    • ESDU 16004
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities.
      Part V: Bibliography (up to 2020)
  • Section 33: Cavity Adverse Unsteady Flow Alleviation
    • ESDU 08011
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part IIIA: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - Introduction
    • ESDU 08012
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part IIIB: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - acoustic suppression using passive devices.
    • ESDU 09001
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities.
      Part IIIC: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - acoustic suppression using active devices
    • ESDU 09002
      Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities.
      Part IIID: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - Store deployment
  • Section 34: Internal Flow Systems - Ducts
    • ESDU AERO S.00.01.10
      One-dimensional isentropic flow of a thermally perfect, calorically imperfect diatomic gas.
    • ESDU AERO S.00.03.07
      One-dimensional isentropic gas flow.
    • ESDU 81004
      Mass flow and momentum functions for one-dimensional flow of gas in ducts.
  • Section 35: Internal Flow Systems - Nacelles, Intakes and Nozzles
    • ESDU AERO A.08.01.09
      Flow field of subsonic axisymmetric jet in a parallel stream.
    • ESDU 66028
      Relationships between some common intake parameters.
    • ESDU 67035
      Jet flow parameters
    • ESDU 75005
      Performance data for the critical operation of nominally two-dimensional double-ramp supersonic intakes.
    • ESDU 80037
      Pressure recovery of axisymmetric intakes at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 81024
      Drag of axisymmetric cowls at zero incidence for subsonic Mach numbers.
    • ESDU 86002
      Drag and pressure recovery characteristics of auxiliary air inlets at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 03006
      Subsonic drag and pressure recovery of rectangular planform flush auxiliary inlets with ducts at angles up to 90 degrees.
  • Section 36: Powerplant/Airframe Interactions - Propeller Powered Aircraft
    • ESDU 18010
      Information on the use of Data Items on powerplant/airframe interactions for propeller-powered aircraft
    • ESDU 85015
      Introduction to installation effects on thrust and drag for propeller-driven aircraft.
    • ESDU 85017
      Thrust and drag accounting for propeller/airframe interaction.
    • ESDU 86017
      Propeller/body interaction for thrust and drag.
    • ESDU 88031
      Lift and longitudinal forces on propeller/ nacelle/ wing/ flap systems.
    • ESDU 89047
      In-plane forces and moments on installed inclined propellers at low forward speeds.
    • ESDU 06012
      The influence of propeller slipstream on aircraft rolling moment due to sideslip.
    • ESDU 06013
      Propeller slipstream modelling for incidence and sideslip.
    • ESDU TM 193
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM: Example of procedure in calculation of effects of propeller slipstream on horizontal tailplane flow-field
  • Section 37: Powerplant/Airframe Interactions - Jet Powered Aircraft
    • ESDU 82034
      Aircraft forces due to interference between a jet efflux and a slotted flap
  • Section 38: Stability of Aircraft - General
    • ESDU 86021
      Introduction of aerodynamic derivatives, equations of motion and stability (including the classical criteria of longitudinal stability and control, and description of the lateral modes of motion)
    • ESDU 86041
      Conversion of stability derivatives for a general change of body axes.
    • ESDU 13005
      Information on the use of Data Items on the longitudinal stability of aircraft
    • ESDU AERO A.06.01.00
      Information on the use of Data Items on rolling moment derivatives of an aircraft.
    • ESDU AERO A.07.01.00
      Information on the use of Data Items on yawing moment and sideforce derivatives of an aircraft
  • Section 39: Stability of Aircraft - Longitudinal Stability - Ground Effect, Downwash, Tandem Lifting Surfaces, Tailplane
    • ESDU 72023
      Low-speed longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft in ground effect.
    • ESDU 80020
      Average downwash at the tailplane at low angles of attack and subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 81023
      Lift and drag of two staggered lifting surfaces at low speeds.
    • ESDU 89029
      Installed tailplane lift-curve slope at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 91009
      Effect of twin fins on isolated tailplane lift-curve slope.
    • ESDU 97021
      Effect of trailing-edge flap deployment on average downwash at the tailplane at low speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.05.01.01
      Kinetic pressure in the wake behind a wing.
  • Section 40: Stability of Aircraft - Longitudinal Stability - Derivatives due to Rate of Pitch
    • ESDU 90010
      Pitching moment and lift force derivatives due to rate of pitch for aircraft at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 91004
      Pitching moment derivative due to rate of pitch for projectiles at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.08.03.02
      Pitching velocity derivatives for wings at supersonic speeds Zq and Mq
  • Section 41: Stability of Aircraft - Pitch-Break Characteristics
    • ESDU 01005
      Effect of geometry on low speed pitch-break characteristics of swept wings.
  • Section 42: Stability of Aircraft - Lateral Stability - Derivatives due to Sideslip
    • ESDU AERO A.06.01.03
      Stability derivative (Lv) Γ Contribution of full-span dihedral to rolling moment due to sideslip.
    • ESDU AERO A.06.01.09
      Stability derivative (Lv) Γ Contribution of part-span dihedral to rolling moment due to sideslip.
    • ESDU 73006
      Effects of isolated body and wing-body interference on rolling moment due to sideslip: Lv (with Addendum A for nacelle effects).
    • ESDU 79006
      Wing-body yawing moment and sideforce derivatives due to sideslip: Nv and Yv (with Addendum A for nacelle effects).
    • ESDU TM 184
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Effects of rear-mounted engine nacelles on sidewash at fin
    • ESDU 80033
      Contribution of wing planform to rolling moment derivative due to sideslip, (Lv)w , at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 80034
      Effect of trailing-edge flaps on rolling moment derivative due to sideslip, (Lv)f
    • ESDU 81013
      Effect of trailing-edge flaps on sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip, (Yv)f and (Nv)f
    • ESDU 81032
      Estimation of rolling moment derivative due to sideslip for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU TM 49
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
      Contribution to rolling moment derivative due to sideslip resulting from interference effect of fin on tailplane, (Lv)TH
    • ESDU 82010
      Contribution of fin to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to sideslip,  (Yv)F ,  (Nv)F ,  (Lv)F , in the presence of body, wing and tailplane.
    • ESDU 82011
      Estimation of sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 91031
      Contribution of fin and tailplane to sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip at supersonic speeds at low angle of attack.
    • ESDU 92007
      Contribution of tailplane-mounted twin fins to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to sideslip at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU 92029
      Contribution of ventral fins to sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip at low angle of attack.
    • ESDU 93007
      Contribution of body-mounted fins and tailplanes to lateral derivatives due to sideslip at subsonic speeds for general body width to height ratio.
    • ESDU 00025
      Computer program for prediction of aircraft lateral stability derivatives in sideslip at subsonic speeds.
    • ESDU TM 178
      ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Effect of wing-mounted engine nacelles of propeller-driven aircraft on lateral stability derivatives in sideslip
    • ESDU AERO C.01.01.01
      Lift-curve slope for single fin and rudder. (i) Body shape merging into fin.
    • ESDU AERO A.S.01.03.02
      Lift-curve slope of isolated lifting surface at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.04
      Spanwise centre of pressure of isolated lifting surface at supersonic speeds.
  • Section 43: Stability of Aircraft - Lateral Stability - Derivatives due to Rate of Roll
    • ESDU AERO A.06.01.01
      Stability derivative Lp rolling moment due to rolling for swept and tapered wings.
    • ESDU 81014
      Contribution of wing planform to derivatives of yawing moment and sideforce due to roll rate at subsonic speeds (Np)w and (Yp)w
    • ESDU 83006
      Contribution of fin to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll, (Yp)F  ,  (Np)F  ,  (Lp)F  , in the presence of body, wing and tailplane.
    • ESDU 85006
      Contribution of wing dihedral to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll at subsonic speeds, (Yp)Γ  ,  (Np)Γ   and (Lp)Γ
    • ESDU 85010
      Estimation of sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds
    • ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.01
      Stability derivative Lp rolling moment due to rolling for wings at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.02
      Stability derivative Lp. Effect of fuselage interference on rolling moment due to rolling at supersonic speeds.
    • ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.03
      Stability derivative Lp. Rolling moment due to rolling for radial multi-planar wing arrangements at supersonic speeds.
  • Section 44: Stability of Aircraft - Lateral Stability - Derivatives due to Rate of Yaw
    • ESDU 71017
      Aero-normalised stability derivatives: effect of wing on yawing moment due to yawing.
    • ESDU 72021
      Effect of wing on rolling moment due to yawing.
    • ESDU 82017
      Contribution of fin to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of yaw, (Yr)F  ,  (Nr)F  ,  (Lr)F
    • ESDU 83026
      Contribution of body to yawing moment and sideforce derivatives due to rate of yaw, (Nr)B and (Yr)B
    • ESDU 84002
      Estimation of sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of yaw for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds.
  • Section 45: Unsteady Aerodynamics
    • ESDU 82020
      Introduction to unsteady aerodynamics.
    • ESDU 81034
      Linearised two-dimensional oscillatory airforce coefficients and load distributions on thin aerofoils in subsonic flow.
    • ESDU 82005
      Linearised two-dimensional oscillatory airforce coefficients and load distributions on thin aerofoils in supersonic flow.
    • ESDU 83010
      Oscillatory aerodynamics of slender bodies.
    • ESDU 84020
      An introduction to time-dependent aerodynamics of aircraft response, gusts and active controls.
    • ESDU 87012
      An introduction to aircraft buffet and buffeting.
    • ESDU 90005
      Frequencies of resonance in wind tunnels with ventilated walls and plenum chamber.
  • Section 46: Parachute Aerodynamics
  • Section 47: Bluff Bodies and Structures - Mean Forces
    • ESDU 71012
      Fluid forces on non-streamline bodies - background notes and description of the flow phenomena.
    • ESDU 71016
      Fluid forces, pressures and moments on rectangular blocks.
    • ESDU 79026
      Mean fluid forces and moments on cylindrical structures: polygonal sections with rounded corners including elliptical shapes.
    • ESDU 80003
      Mean fluid forces and moments on rectangular prisms: surface-mounted structures in turbulent shear flow.
    • ESDU 80025
      Mean forces, pressures and flow field velocities for circular cylindrical structures: single cylinder with two-dimensional flow.
    • ESDU 81017
      Mean forces, pressures, and moments for circular cylindrical structures: finite-length cylinders in uniform and shear flow.
  • Section 48: Bluff Bodies and Structures - Fluctuating Forces and Response
    • ESDU 77032
      Fluctuating loads and dynamic response of bodies and structures in fluid flows - background information.
    • ESDU 79025
      Fluctuating response of circular cylinders in small groups in fluid flow - discussion and guide to data available.
    • ESDU 87035
      Calculation methods for along-wind loading. Part 2. Response of line-like structures to atmospheric turbulence.
  • Section 49: Aerodynamic Heating and Heat Transfer
    • ESDU 69009
      Heat balance for flight vehicles.
    • ESDU 69010
      Heat transfer by forced convection between a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer and a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones.
    • ESDU 69011
      Heat transfer by forced convection between a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer and a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones.
    • ESDU 69012
      Effects of kinetic heating on equilibrium temperature of flight vehicles.
    • ESDU AERO 00.02.05
      Heat transfer under conditions of forced convection for the subsonic turbulent flow of gases in smooth straight ducts of constant cross section.
    • ESDU AERO 00.03.26
      Wall and average gas temperatures for subsonic turbulent flow with heat transfer in ducts of constant circular cross section.
    • ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.18
      Aerodynamic heating: temperatures at a perfectly insulated surface neglecting radiation.
  • Section 50: Wind-Tunnel Corrections
    • ESDU 76028
      Lift-interference and blockage corrections for two-dimensional subsonic flow in ventilated and closed wind-tunnels.
    • ESDU 80024
      Blockage corrections for bluff bodies in confined flows.